南海IODP 349航次基底玄武岩中碳酸盐岩脉的岩石学特征*     

许佳锐  陈毅凤  王宝云 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(6):63-73

国际大洋发现计划(International Ocean Discovery Program, IODP)349航次在南海东部次海盆和西南次海盆残留扩张脊附近的U1431和U1433站位首次钻取基底玄武岩, 通过对16块基底玄武岩内的碳酸盐岩脉薄片镜下观察以及激光拉曼光谱分析, 揭示碳酸盐矿物为方解石和文石, 为典型的洋壳低温热液蚀变次生矿物。U1431站位碳酸盐岩脉为独立的方解石脉、文石脉交替出现; 而U1433站位则存在方解石脉、文石脉和方解石-文石共生脉三种情况。此外, U1431站位在基底~42.1m处出现了平行的方解石脉和文石脉, 揭示U1431存在不同来源热液的多期活动, 即可能存在多次或多阶段不同的热液注入。U1431和U1433站位的碳酸岩脉中, 文石的矿物集合体形状基本一致, 呈块状、纤维状和放射纤维状; 而方解石存在差异, U1431的方解石以斑块状、块状、粒状和纤维状出现, 而U1433的方解石仅出现块状。U1431站位的碳酸盐岩脉的丰度明显高于U1433站位。这些均揭示U1431站位的低温热液活动强, 而U1433站位则相对弱。两个站位的热液活动不同很可能是由于区域地质环境的差异造成——U1431附近的巨大海山为其提供了热液补给, 而U1433远离热液的补给/渗漏点。  相似文献   

南海北部东沙海域天然气水合物分解事件及其与海底滑塌的关系     

黄怡  王淑红  颜文  程俊 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(4):61-69

东沙海域是南海北部一个重要的天然气水合物成藏区, 其陆坡广泛发育滑塌构造。文章对采自东沙陆坡中部973-4柱样和下部平坦区973-5柱样开展了沉积学粒度、底栖有孔虫种属特征和稳定同位素等的综合分析。研究结果表明: 两个柱样中底栖有孔虫的δ¹³C在末次冰期均出现明显负偏现象, 同时δ¹⁸O增高, 指示该时期东沙海域存在持续的天然气水合物分解事件; 末次冰消期以来, δ¹³C负偏现象逐渐消失, δ¹⁸O值降低, 可能是由于海平面上升阻止了天然气水合物分解。973-4柱样仅在末次盛冰期对应层位440~600cm段存在明显的滑塌沉积, 且该层段对应的特征底栖有孔虫Uvigerina spp.和Bulimina spp.的数量突增, 推测该区的海底滑塌可能是由于末次盛冰期海平面大幅度下降引起天然气水合物大量分解诱发所致; 973-5柱样同样记录到了海底滑塌现象, 但其滑塌沉积晚于973-4柱样的滑塌时间, 且其规模较小。  相似文献   

天然气水合物赋存区甲烷渗漏活动的地球化学响应特征     

程俊  王淑红  黄怡  颜文 《海洋科学》2019,43(5):110-122

综述了天然气水合物赋存区甲烷渗漏活动的地球化学响应指标的研究进展,分析了应用单一指标识别甲烷渗漏活动各自所存在的问题,包括浅表层沉积物孔隙水中CH_4、SO_4~(2–)、Cl~–等离子浓度随深度的变化;浅层沉积物全岩W_(TOC)(W表示质量分数,TOC表示总有机碳)和W_(TS)(TS表示总硫)之间的相关性及比值;自生碳酸盐岩δ~(13)C和δ~(18)O;自生矿物重晶石、黄铁矿、自生石膏的δ~(34)S;有孔虫壳体和生物标志化合物的δ~(13)C等。结果表明孔隙水中的CH_4、SO4_~(2–)浓度及溶解无机碳的碳同位素组成可以用来识别目前正在发生的甲烷渗漏活动;而沉积物中的WTS、自生矿物的δ~(34)S、钡含量及其异常峰值和生物标志化合物的δ~(13)C等指标的联合使用可以更真实准确地反映地质历史时期天然气水合物赋存区的甲烷渗漏活动。因此,在实际研究过程中,可将孔隙水和沉积物两种介质的多种指标相结合。随着非传统稳定同位素(Fe、Ca、Mg等)和沉积物氧化还原敏感元素(Mo、V、U等)等研究的发展,甲烷渗漏活动地球化学响应指标的研究也将得到拓展,而多种地球化学指标的联合使用将为天然气水合物勘探及其形成分解过程识别研究提供重要的科学依据。  相似文献   

南海北部冷泉区深水珊瑚的发现及其特征     

陈忠  莫爱彬  赵美霞  仲义  颜文 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(1):64-71

冷水珊瑚也称为深水珊瑚, 在生物多样性、生态资源和科研价值等方面具有重要意义。文章对采自南海北部冷泉区的冷水珊瑚骨骼碎屑进行测定, 鉴定出冷水珊瑚2个种(Crispatotrochus sp.1和Crispatotrochus sp.2), 以及4个属[Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia)、Balanophyllia (Eupsammia)、Lochmaeotrochus和Enallopsammia]。测定的冷水珊瑚的δ¹³C为-7.36‰~-1.15‰, δ¹⁸O为-1.38‰~3.67‰, 与全球冷水珊瑚碳氧同位素组成相似, 但明显不同于南海暖水珊瑚、冷泉碳酸盐岩及低温热液成因碳酸盐岩的碳氧同位素组成。  相似文献   

东南印度洋中脊澳大利亚-南极洲不整合带地区岩浆供应与构造作用沿洋脊的变化     

刘守金  林间  周志远  张帆 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(1):118-129

We analyzed seafloor morphology and geophysical anomalies of the Southeast Indian Ridge(SEIR) to reveal the remarkable changes in magma supply along this intermediate fast-spreading ridge. We found systematic differences of the Australian-Antarctic Discordance(AAD) from adjacent ridge segments with the residual mantle Bouguer gravity anomaly(RMBA) being more positive, seafloor being deeper, morphology being more chaotic, M factors being smaller at the AAD. These systematic anomalies, as well as the observed Na_(8.0) being greater and Fe_(8.0) being smaller at AAD, suggest relatively starved magma supply and relatively thin crust within the AAD.Comparing to the adjacent ridges segments, the calculated average map-view M factors are relatively small for the AAD, where several Oceanic Core Complexes(OCCs) develop. Close to 30 OCCs were found to be distributed asymmetrically along the SEIR with 60% of OCCs at the northern flank. The OCCs are concentrated mainly in Segments B3 and B4 within the AAD at ～124°–126°E, as well as at the eastern end of Zone C at ～115°E. The relatively small map-view M factors within the AAD indicate stronger tectonism than the adjacent SEIR segments.The interaction between the westward migrating Pacific mantle and the relatively cold mantle beneath the AAD may have caused a reduction in magma supply, leading to the development of abundant OCCs.  相似文献   

Influence of shallow gas on the geotechnical properties of pockmark soil: A case study in the East China Sea     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Several incidents involving damage to submarine pipelines indicate that there will be potential hazards for many submarine structures if the geotechnical properties of the soil in pockmarks remain unclear. Based on a geophysical survey, geological drilling, in-situ measurement, and shallow gas eruption experiment, two large pockmarks near the Zhongjieshan Archipelago in the East China Sea were analyzed comprehensively. The geophysical and in-situ data indicated that the soil below the two pockmarks contains free or dissolved shallow gas, which continues to migrate upward from the deep zones, but there is no high-pressure gas reservoir in the pockmark soil. In-situ piezocone data, geotechnical results, and shallow gas eruption experiments have demonstrated that the pockmark soil has strengthened mechanical properties and zoning characteristics. After analyzing the pockmark soil in the area where the study was conducted, it was concluded that the pockmark soil in this area is not suitable for the accumulation of high-pressure, shallow gas. It also was concluded that the pockmark soil had stronger mechanical properties than virgin sediment due to the compaction of the soil caused by the eruption of the shallow gas. The zoning characteristics of pockmark soil are due to the regional differences in the ability of shallow gas to carry soil particles, which is a new finding that is worthy of attention in off-shore engineering.  相似文献   

南海大洋钻探及海洋地质与地球物理前沿研究新突破   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

林间  李家彪  徐义刚  孙珍  夏少红  黄小龙  解习农  李春峰  丁巍伟  周志远  张帆  罗怡鸣 《海洋学报》2019,41(10):125-140

南海是西太平洋地区规模最大且具有代表性的边缘海盆地之一。经过近几十年的研究积累，尤其是通过实施5个国际大洋钻探航次(1999–2018年)与国家自然科学基金委“南海深海过程演变”重大研究计划(2011–2019年)，我国科学家获得了大量宝贵的第一手资料，取得了一系列创新进展与重大突破，标志着南海海洋地质与地球物理研究正走向国际前沿。重要研究成果包括:(1)新提出南海是“板缘张裂”盆地，与经典的大西洋型陆缘模式不同；(2)大洋钻探首次获取了基底玄武岩样品，结合中国在南海首次深拖地磁测量实验，精确测定了南海海盆玄武岩年龄，揭示南海海盆从东向西分段扩张；(3)大洋钻探结果发现南海陆缘岩石圈减薄之初岩浆迅速出现，未发现缓慢破裂造成的蛇纹岩出露；(4)发现南海扩张结束后仍存在大量岩浆活动，可能受控于多种构造与地幔因素；(5)地球化学证据与地球动力学模拟都显示南海岩浆的形成受到周边俯冲带的影响。目前我国的海洋地球科学正在进入崭新的发展阶段，有望以南海为基点，开始拓展到周边大洋，通过主导大型研究计划以及建设我国大洋钻探平台，以提升我国在南海、西太平洋与印度洋海洋地质科学研究的实质性影响力与引领地位。  相似文献   

红河断裂带类微生物状纳米颗粒的发现及其构造意义     

蔡周荣  卢丽娟  黄强太  李建峰  肖阳  杨鹏  陆杏欣  张程  黎雨晗 《大地构造与成矿学》2021,45(2):270-279

通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察,首次在红河断裂带内的花岗糜棱岩中发现类微生物状纳米颗粒。高分辨率平插能谱分析结果表明,该类微生物状纳米颗粒成分中的C元素平均含量约为10%,指示无机成因,并非某些菌类微生物,结合XRD分析结果表明该类纳米颗粒成分来自花岗糜棱岩的造岩矿物。通过对各种形貌特征的纳米颗粒观察、筛查和规律分析,探讨了类微生物状纳米颗粒的形成机理及构造意义,认为其形成过程可以分为岩石破裂形成球粒状纳米颗粒、球粒状纳米颗粒粘聚形成片状、片状纳米颗粒卷曲成管状以及管状纳米颗粒脱落聚集四个阶段,其中后三个阶段为纳米颗粒的后生构造变形阶段,指示红河断裂带构造环境的多期次变化。断裂带内球粒状纳米颗粒可能是在宏观构造应力场作用下的最小变形产物,其结构或变形特征蕴含丰富的宏观构造活动信息,是传统构造地质学研究方法之外的新思路和新手段。  相似文献   

南海东北陆缘的地壳速度结构及其构造意义: 来自广角地震剖面的约束     

赵俐红  刘欣悦  支鹏遥  刘晨光  李官保  郑彦鹏  贺恩远  王星月 《地质学报》2023,97(6):1766-1779

南海东北部深部地壳结构蕴含着南海陆缘伸展张裂过程的重要信息。在南海东北陆缘布设的一条广角地震测线(DP13)沿NW-SE方向依次穿过东沙隆起和台西南盆地。本文利用射线追踪和正演走时拟合软件RayInvr构建地壳纵波速度结构,模型表明：沉积层速度1.6～4.6 km/s,厚度0.5～3.8 km,横向分布不均匀,沉积基底起伏剧烈;莫霍面埋藏深度由陆架区的25.5 km急剧减小到陆坡下方的13 km,随后向下陆坡远端增深至16 km;陆架处东沙隆起下方地壳厚度从～25 km减薄到～21 km,下陆坡远端地壳厚约10～13 km,地壳拉张因子分别为1.3～1.5和2.6～3.1,表现为轻微和中等减薄;陆坡区台西南盆地内地壳厚度从17 km急剧减薄至7～8 km,地壳拉张因子高达4.6,呈超伸展减薄;地壳厚度由陆向海非单调减薄,地壳伸展具有明显的空间差异性;陆架-上陆坡和下陆坡下地壳底部发现两个相对孤立的不连续高速体,速度分别为7.0～7.5 km/s和7.0～7.3 km/s,厚度分别3～5 km和1～3 km,前者位于古太平洋俯冲带前缘,几乎与南海东北部高磁异常重叠,推测由中生代古太平洋板...  相似文献   

Megaplume bubble process visualization by 3D multibeam sonar mapping     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2015

MultiBeam echosounder data were collected during a surface-ship survey of the 22/4b well site in the North Sea in September 2011 using a Teledyne-Reson 7125. Modern multibeam echosounders are instrumental in providing detection and accurate localization of weak to strong bubble plumes. Two survey profiles effectively insonified the bubble plumes rising from the main crater at the well site, providing snapshot data of bubble plume processes. Additionally, three profiles insonified bubble plumes rising from, in, and to the south of a secondary crater, 1.2 km southeast of the main crater. Data processing included a simple algorithm that muted mislocated echoes from incomplete sidelobe suppression. The data processing produced a Cartesian volume of echo intensity from the water column and seabed.Plume geometry was analyzed to investigate a number of important large-scale plume processes, including plume bubble detrainment due to currents and stratification, downwelling flows, sea surface interaction, plume heterogeneity, and other fluid transport processes. The data showed strong upwelling flows, with bubble vertical motions generally much faster than currents. One important finding was that megaplumes create intrusions above the general thermocline, in part because their extensive upwelling flow lifts the thermocline locally. As a result, the intrusion layer deposits dissolved gases in the upper wave-mixed layer of the water column where it is not isolated from the atmosphere, unlike dissolved gases in the lower water column.The analysis shows that high fidelity multibeam echosounder data can provide a wealth of remote sensing information on bubble plume characteristics and processes, with important applications, including blowout monitoring and response, better understanding of megaplumes such as used in lake destratification, and improved characterization of natural seep emission processes.  相似文献